ABSTRACT: Inflammation is involved in several stages of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, asthma, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, or cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and has an important role in various inflammatory-related pathologies. The selective suppression of COX-2 over COX-1 is thought to be a useful approach for treating inflammation. Vitex trifolia is traditionally used for various inflammatory ailments, thus giving scope for anti-inflammatory studies. Since the action of Ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia (EEVT) on COX-2 has not been previously described. In this study, we further investigated the effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory effects spectrophotometrically in ELISA readers and evaluated anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The edema volume was measured using a plethysmometer. The results showed that the EEVt (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW) had significant anti-inflammatory activity and the EEVt demonstrated a COX-2 Inhibitory effect. The percentage of COX-2 inhibition was 8,04%, 20,74%, 21,92%, and the percentage of inhibition of paw edema was 39,56%, 45,60%, and 40,56%, respectively. These findings suggest that Vitex trifolia leaves extracts to possess promising and remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, which is directed against the enzymatic activity of COX-2.

Chronic asthma is primarily distinguished by episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath brought on by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. It is one of the most prevalent chronic pulmonary illnesses in the US, affecting 20 million adults, or 8% of the adult population. As a result, primary care offices commonly meet cases of asthma. Most asthmatics are anticipated to acquire good control, and the generalist manages asthma very successfully most of the time. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and chronic and acute therapy of asthma from a primary care perspective are all summarized in this article.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first distinguished in China in December 2019 and proclaimed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The clinical qualities of the sickness range from asymptomatic cases or gentle manifestations, which incorporate vague indications like fever, headache, sore throat, cerebral pain, and nasal clog to extreme cases like pneumonia, respiratory failure requesting mechanical ventilation to multi-organ failure, sepsis, and death. Scientists have detailed that the infection is continually advancing and spreading through asymptomatic transporters, further recommending a high worldwide global threat. Keeping up with hand-cleanliness, social distancing, and individual defensive hardware (i.e., covers) stay the best safeguards. Patient administration incorporates steady consideration and anti-coagulated measures, with an emphasis on keeping up with respiratory capacity. Treatment with Dexamethasone, Remdesivir, and Tocilizumab seem, by all accounts, to be generally encouraging. In this review, we have discussed the effect of covid-19 in different countries during the first wave and second wave, the positivity rate, and the mortality rate. We have also discussed the covid-19 pandemic effect on the unemployment and education system, the medications, and treatment during the first wave and second wave. The review also focuses on the recent threat of fungal disease, Mucormycosis.

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) affects 1 to 2 % of women causing anxiety and worry for self and family. Ovarian cysts are perhaps the most common issue among women trying to conceive. This paper presents a case of a 29-year-old married woman having ovarian cyst and suffered two miscarriages, was treated successfully using YPV healing protocols. METHOD: This paper used case study method going through patient medical records, healer’s records and patient feedback. RESULTS: The patient experienced successful pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby boy after a C-section procedure. There were no health issues of baby and the mother post-delivery. A follow up after 9 months confirmed that the mother and her baby both were in good health. CONCLUSIONS: YPV system protocols have been established as complementary as well as alternative medicine to treat and cure a variety of health conditions. Further research is recommended. It will be worthwhile to consider imparting a working knowledge of YPV system protocols to frontline healthcare workers including doctors and nurses to enable them to render holistic treatment in a safe process at low cost CONCLUSIONS: YPV system protocols have been established as complementary as well as alternative medicine to treat and cure a variety of health conditions. Further research is recommended. It will be worthwhile to consider imparting a working knowledge of YPV system protocols to frontline healthcare workers including doctors and nurses to enable them to render holistic treatment in a safe process at low cost

ntroduction: Vata Dosha plays a critical role in disorders related to female reproductive system. If the woman sleeps in a Vishama posture or on an uncomfortable bed during sexual intercourse, then the Vayu gets aggravated to cause dilatation of the openings of her uterus and vagina. Since the dilated openings do not get closed, she suffers from Vedana and Ruksha, Phena mixed Srava of blood from the Yoni is produced. There will be protuberance of the Masah, and she suffers from Shoola in the joints and Vakshana Pradesha. Diagnosis intervention and outcome: On the basis of symptoms and genitourinary examination the diagnosis of Mahayoni Vyapada was made and Sthanik Chikitsa Yoni Prakshalan, Yoni Abhyanga, Yoni Parishek and Yoni Pichu was done for 10 days twice daily. Assessment was done using pelvic organ prolapse distress inventory questionnaire, urinary distress inventory, colorectal anal distress inventory And pelvic organ prolapse quantification. Patient got remarkable relief in the span of 10 days which was notable in primary complaints and assessment criteria. Conclusion: Ayurveda explains many methodologies for treating gynaecological disorders Sthanik Chikitsa holds great significance in Prasuti Tantra and Stree Roga. Sthanik Chikitsa possess very promising results in the management of various gynaecological disorders. Thus, it can be concluded that Sthanik Chikitsa can be used combined with oral drugs to provide symptomatic relief in patients who may not be fit for surgical correction or do not opt for surgery.

This study was undertaken to assess the incidence of antimicrobial susceptibility status of Salmonella species and Escherichia coli isolated from a fermented cow milk product (Nono) in Kuje, FCT, Abuja. For the purpose of this study, Kuje was divided into; Kuje North (KN), Kuje East (KE), Kuje West (KW), Kuje Central KC) and Kuje South (KS). In number, a total of 154 fermented samples of the products were collected for bacterial isolation and identification from the regions using conventional bacteriological identification methods. The identified isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility status using four different types of antibiotics by disc diffusion method. The prevalence of Salmonella sp. was 10/154, while that of E. coli was 18/154. The presence of Salmonella isolates was higher in those milk samples products where nearby stream was the primary source of available water for all routine domestic use including milk processing (KE and KN) respectively. All the salmonella isolates were found to be susceptible to gentamicin but 91.3% to amoxicillin, 90.2% to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 88.9% to tetracycline. Three of the Salmonella isolates showed multiple drug resistance to two drugs. The findings from this research showed that the fermented dairy milk product (nono) obtained from local processing households in Kuje, FCT, Abuja was contaminated with public health important bacterial species; Salmonella species and E. coli. Also of utmost importance is the resistance of the pathogens to certain antimicrobial drugs which call for attention. Therefore, in order to ensure safe quality of fermented milk products are supplied to the FCT, the respective stakeholders engaged in this business need to be educated in basic hygienic practices and the implication of poor sanitation on human health

Background: Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, and soccer-related injuries are very common, they have a substantial impact on individuals financial and economic costs, as well as its effect on the national and international health quality. Objective: To increase the awareness about the factors that lead to sport injuries for the Lebanese Premier League Football. Method: A cross sectional study, consists of, 72 Players that have been enrolled and filled a survey after getting access from the Lebanese Football Association. These surveys have been categorized as (Demographics, Players’ lifestyle, Professional career, and Previous medical history). Result: 30.56% of Lebanese players work alongside playing football. Moreover, the majority of players switch shoes twice per season only. Furthermore 75% of the players were previously more prone to injuries, and 16.17% of the injuries were a ligamentous injury. Finally, most of the Lebanese stadiums are of artificial grass putting players at a high risk of injury. Conclusion: Different factors affects the rate of injury. Mainly, the improper period of warm up and cool down which there is a lack of. Preventive strategies should be done to decrease this problem such as proper warm-up and applying the preventive techniques.

There are many Agada Yogas widely practiced by Visha vaidyas. Lodhra Sheethadi Agada is one of the practically used formulation in the management of Mandali Sarpa Visha. This formulation is explained in Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika, Prayogasamucchayam, Lakshanamritham etc. It consists of nine drugs in the reference given in Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika whereas ten ingredients in that of Prayogasamuchayam. This formulation can be administered as Paana as well as Lepa. The administration of Lodra Sheethadi Agada in Kasaya form is clinically practiced in present era. This paper is an attempt to review the yoga ‘Lodhra Sheethadi Agada’.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol seed extract of Telfairia. occidentalis on the activity of liver enzymes in diabetic rats. Freshly harvested seed of T. occidentalis was processed into extract. Twenty (25) adult male wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups of five rats each. Group I was fed normal rat chow and water only, Group II was diabetic; untreated rats, Groups III and IV were diabetic; treated with 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg extract of T. occidentalis seed. The activity of serum hepatomarkers (Aspartate transaminase, Alanine amino transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase) evaluated was significantly (P<0.05) high which was reversed in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, it has been unveiled through this study that T. occidentalis seed extract has the potential to improve hepatic health.

Background Information One of the characteristic of bacteria zoonoses diseases is their tendency to re-emerge, as such they said to be responsible for a very high proportion of morbidity and mortality. Many documented zoonotic diseases and reported to be resistant to some conventional antibiotics. Similarly challenging is the fact that most of the antibiotics currently being used against these diseases are reported not to be completely metabolized and are often released in unmetabolized forms which when they find their ways into the food chain becomes health issue. Metabolites from some Lactic Acid Bacteria are being harnessed as a bio-active compounds for the novel unconventional control of these diseases which this research seeks to make contribution. Abstract Zoonoses incidences continue to play significant roles in both human and veterinary medicine and their eradication especially in the developing country like Nigeria, is difficult. Zoonotic food-borne infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are re-emerging. Several findings indicated that the cell-free supernatant derived from some Lactic Acid Bacteria have some antibacterial effects when applied directly or added to food during packaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antagonistic effect of cell-free supernatant derived from some LAB species isolated from whey and Nunu (obtained from a locally fermented milk product) against some zoonotic bacteria pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. Four (4) LAB isolates were isolated, identified using basic morphological and biochemical characterization and screened on the basis of functional and technological characterization. The Cell-free supernatant from these strains, Lactobacillus casei LB01, Lactobacillus sp. LB02, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB03 and Lactobacillus plantarum LB04 were prepared by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes and used against the indicator organisms at 107 CFU/ml using agar well diffusion method. The cell-free supernatant inhibited the growth of both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains of veterinary origins. Our findings suggest that the LAB strains have the potential for antibiotic alternatives for the control of several zoonotic diseases. This holds a great advantage in the current efforts to tackling and reducing the prevalence and spread of zoonotic diseases which are re-emerging in Nigeria

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon condition presenting with varying clinical symptoms, posing difficulty in diagnosis. Patients present with headaches, focal neurological deficits, seizures, and altered consciousness. CVT does not have a single clinical presentation, and it is important to consider CVT in all brain syndromes, especially young patients, and confirm it through imaging studies. Other uncommon presentations of CVT include single or multiple cranial nerve palsies.

For the simultaneous determination of Nitazoxanide and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form, a simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated. A mobile phase containing acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.4 M citric acid (60:30:10, v/v/v) was used for the separation.

Chronic progressive metabolic problem and chronic hyperglycemia caused by a dysregulation of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism are two symptoms of diabetes mellitus, a complicated condition. Verapamil belongs to a group of calcium channel blockers that are not dihydropyridines. It works by preventing calcium from entering beta cells cytoplasm, preventing the second phase of insulin release driven by glucose, as well as sulfonylurea and glucagon. Nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy are examples of microvascular consequences of diabetes mellitus (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease).

A large number of patients in the healthcare industry have adverse events. Risk management has been implemented in hospitals to ensure patient safety. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement in current risk management practices. As a result, the purpose of this research is to better understand risk management practices in hospital settings and to make recommendations to improve them. While a questionnaire survey was created to understand current risk management applications, risk management literature was reviewed in order to comprehend and improve these risk management applications. The findings show that over 70% of practitioners and managers regard risk management as defining threats to patients, while only a minority agree on the ISO definition of risk. Furthermore, nearly half of practitioners and managers agree that risk assessment is more important than risk mitigation. To manage risks, participants mostly used Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), brainstorming, and risk matrix techniques. Based on the results of the questionnaire and the literature review, risk management practices could be advanced by emphasizing safety culture, staff involvement, safety training, risk reporting systems, and risk management tools.

Siddhars found a foremost tradional system of medicine called siddha system of medicine. According to this system diseases are recognized based on vatha,pitha and kapha.The medicines are prepared using the ingredients of three main categories of natural origin. They are thavaram [herbs],thathu [metals and minerals]and jeevam [animals].Shenbaga poo kuligai is a classical siddha drug used for treating Mantham. Mantham is a paediatric illness. Suzhi Mantham is one the type of mantham under 21 types. Suzhi Mantham is a respiratory disease followed by indigestion having symptoms of intermittent fever, cough, wheezing, difficulty in breathing, rib retraction, loss of appetite and sleeplessness. Shenbagapoo kuligai a trail drug used for treating suzhi mantham, so the author have done antihistamine study for the shenbaga poo kuligai .From this study the test drug antagonise the effect of histamine when added together.